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The kinetochore is the macromolecular protein complex that drives chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. Its most fundamental function is to connect centromeric DNA to dynamic spindle microtubules. Studies in popular model eukaryotes have shown that centromere protein (CENP)-A is critical for DNA-binding, whereas the Ndc80 complex is essential for microtubule-binding. Given their conservation in diverse eukaryotes, it was widely believed that all eukaryotes would utilize these components to make up a core of the kinetochore. However, a recent study identified an unconventional type of kinetochore in evolutionarily distant kinetoplastid species, showing that chromosome segregation can be achieved using a distinct set of proteins. Here, I review the discovery of the two kinetochore systems and discuss how their studies contribute to a better understanding of the eukaryotic chromosome segregation machinery.

Original publication

DOI

10.1042/BST20160112

Type

Journal article

Journal

Biochem Soc Trans

Publication Date

15/10/2016

Volume

44

Pages

1201 - 1217

Keywords

chromosomes, kinetochores, trypanosomes, Autoantigens, Centromere, Centromere Protein A, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Chromosome Segregation, DNA, Kinetoplast, Evolution, Molecular, Kinetochores, Microtubules, Spindle Apparatus