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The emerging notion of environment-induced reprogramming of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells into helper T (Th) cells remains controversial. By genetic fate mapping or adoptive transfers, we have identified a minor population of nonregulatory Foxp3(+) T cells exhibiting promiscuous and transient Foxp3 expression, which gave rise to Foxp3(-) ("exFoxp3") Th cells and selectively accumulated in inflammatory cytokine milieus or in lymphopenic environments including those in early ontogeny. In contrast, Treg cells did not undergo reprogramming under those conditions irrespective of their thymic or peripheral origins. Moreover, although a few Treg cells transiently lose Foxp3 expression, such "latent" Treg cells retained their memory and robustly re-expressed Foxp3 and suppressive function upon activation. This study establishes that Treg cells constitute a stable cell lineage, whose committed state in a changing environment is ensured by DNA demethylation of the Foxp3 locus irrespectively of ongoing Foxp3 expression.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.immuni.2011.12.012

Type

Journal article

Journal

Immunity

Publication Date

24/02/2012

Volume

36

Pages

262 - 275

Keywords

Animals, CD2 Antigens, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Cell Differentiation, Cell Lineage, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Gene Expression, Humans, Immunologic Memory, In Vitro Techniques, Inflammation, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphopenia, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Transgenic, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory