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ADP-ribosylation is the post translational modification of proteins catalysed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). ADP-ribosylation has been implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes including cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis and transcriptional regulation. Perhaps the best characterised role, however, is in DNA repair and genome stability where ADP-ribosylation promotes resolution of DNA single strand breaks. Although ADP-ribosylation also occurs at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which ARTs catalyse this reaction and the molecular basis of how this modification regulates their repair remains a matter of debate. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how ADP-ribosylation regulates DSB repair. Specifically, we highlight studies using the genetic model organism Dictyostelium, in addition to vertebrate cells that identify a third ART that accelerates DSB repair by non-homologous end-joining through promoting the interaction of repair factors with DNA lesions. The implications of these data with regards to how ADP-ribosylation regulates DNA repair and genome stability are discussed.

Original publication

DOI

10.4161/cc.11.1.18793

Type

Journal article

Journal

Cell Cycle

Publication Date

01/01/2012

Volume

11

Pages

48 - 56

Keywords

Adenosine Diphosphate, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA Repair, Dictyostelium, Genomic Instability, Humans, Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases