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Homologous chromosomes can pair in somatic and germ line cells, and many mechanisms have been proposed to explain how they do so. One popular class of models involves base-pairing between DNA strands catalyzed by recombination proteins, but pairing still occurs in mutants lacking the relevant functional proteins. We discuss an alternative based on two observations: transcription occurs in factories that specialize in transcribing specific gene sub-sets, and chromosomes only pair when transcribed. Each chromosome in the haploid set has a unique array of transcription units strung along its length; we suggest each is organized into clouds of loops tethered to specialized factories. Only homologs share similar strings of clouds and factories. Pairing begins when a promoter on one chromosome initiates in the homologous and specialized factory organized mainly by its homologous partner. This transiently ties the two homologs together, to increase the chances that adjacent promoters initiate in their homologous factories and that the two homologs will be zipped together. Then, interactions between promoters and RNA polymerases in the factories mediate pairing.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.07.013

Type

Journal article

Journal

Biochim Biophys Acta

Publication Date

11/2008

Volume

1783

Pages

2155 - 2160

Keywords

Animals, Chromosome Pairing, Chromosomes, Genome, Hydrogen Bonding, Macromolecular Substances, Models, Genetic, Transcription, Genetic