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BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may interact with the dopaminergic system to affect cognitive flexibility. Objective/hypotheses: We examined whether putative reduction of dopamine levels through the acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD) procedure and excitatory anodal tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are causally related to cognitive flexibility as measured by task switching and reversal learning. METHOD: A double-blind, sham-controlled, randomised trial was conducted to test the effects of combining anodal tDCS and depletion of catecholaminergic precursor tyrosine on cognitive flexibility. RESULTS: Anodal tDCS and tyrosine depletion had a significant effect on task switching, but not reversal learning. Whilst perseverative errors were significantly improved by anodal tDCS, the APTD impaired reaction times. Importantly, the combination of APTD and anodal tDCS resulted in cognitive performance which did not statistically differ to that of the control condition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the effects of tDCS on cognitive flexibility are modulated by dopaminergic tone.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.brs.2019.08.016

Type

Journal article

Journal

Brain Stimul

Publication Date

01/2020

Volume

13

Pages

105 - 108

Keywords

Dopamine depletion, Flexibility, Learning, Transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS, Cognition, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Prefrontal Cortex, Reaction Time, Reversal Learning, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Tyrosine, Young Adult