Contact information
| david.clark@psy.ox.ac.uk | |
| Tel | PA - 01865 281607 |
| PA | Lauren Chell |
| PA email | lauren.chell@psy.ox.ac.uk |
My connections
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Magdalen College
College
- Oxford Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma Research Group
- Psychological Therapies Research Group
David M Clark
DPhil CBE FBA FMedSci HonFBPs
Professor and Chair of Experimental Psychology
- NIHR Senior Investigator
- Fellow of Magdalen College
- Asscociate Head for Impact
Social Anxiety Disorder and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Cognitive Processes and Treatments
Research Summary
My research mainly focuses on cognitive approaches to the understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders. My team uses a closely integrated programme of experimental and clinical studies. The general strategy has been to: (i) use clinical interviews and cognitive psychology paradigms to identify the core cognitive abnormality in an anxiety disorder; (ii) to construct a theoretical account which explains why the cognitive abnormality does not self-correct; (iii) test the hypothesised maintaining factors in rigorous experimental studies; (iv) develop specialised cognitive treatments which aim to reverse the maintaining factors; (v) test the efficacy of the treatments in randomised controlled trials.
The research has led to the development of new and effective cognitive therapy programmes for three different anxiety disorders: panic disorder, social phobia and posttraumatic stress disorder, each of which are recommended first line treatment options in current NICE guidelines.
A further strand of my research has focused on how to disseminate the new treatments so they can be made available to as many people as possible. The first major dissemination project focussed on training clinicians in cognitive therapy for PTSD in order to provide effective treatment services for victims of bombs in Omagh and London. The second project is the English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme that aims to train an extra 6,000 new psychological therapists by 2015 and deploy them in specialist services for anxiety disorders and depression. I have been involved with the programme since its inception and am currently the National Clinical and Informatics Advisor. I also chair the Mental Health Information Network, which publishes detailed data on the outcomes achieved by all IAPT services. A third project involves developing and evaluating internet versions of the treatments.
A broad overview of my work can be found in Layard & Clark's (2014) Thrive (Penguin).
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Treatments for social anxiety disorder: considerations regarding psychodynamic therapy findings.
Hofmann SG. et al, (2015), Am J Psychiatry, 172
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Heightened risk of false positives in a network meta-analysis of social anxiety--Author's reply.
Mayo-Wilson E. et al, (2015), Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 293 - 294
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The effects of the Omagh bomb on adolescent mental health: a school-based study.
Duffy M. et al, (2015), BMC Psychiatry, 15
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Shifting the focus of one's attention mediates improvement in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder.
Mörtberg E. et al, (2015), Behav Cogn Psychother, 43, 63 - 73
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Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Mayo-Wilson E. et al, (2014), Lancet Psychiatry, 1, 368 - 376
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The relation between social anxiety and audience perception: examining Clark and Wells' (1995) model among adolescents.
Blöte AW. et al, (2014), Behav Cogn Psychother, 42, 555 - 567
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A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy.
Ehlers A. et al, (2014), Am J Psychiatry, 171, 294 - 304
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Faces in a crowd: high socially anxious individuals estimate that more people are looking at them than low socially anxious individuals.
Bolt OC. et al, (2014), PLoS One, 9
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Psychodynamic therapy or cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder.
Clark DM., (2013), Am J Psychiatry, 170
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Implementation of cognitive therapy for PTSD in routine clinical care: effectiveness and moderators of outcome in a consecutive sample.
Ehlers A. et al, (2013), Behav Res Ther, 51, 742 - 752
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Mediators in psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder: individual cognitive therapy compared to cognitive behavioral group therapy.
Hedman E. et al, (2013), Behav Res Ther, 51, 696 - 705
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The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: an update and replication of its psychometric properties.
Nixon RD. et al, (2013), Psychol Assess, 25, 1025 - 1031
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Enhancing recovery rates: lessons from year one of IAPT.
Gyani A. et al, (2013), Behav Res Ther, 51, 597 - 606
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Developing and disseminating effective psychological treatments: Science, practice and economics
Clark DM., (2013), Canadian Psychology, 54, 12 - 21
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Internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: a development pilot series.
Stott R. et al, (2013), Behav Cogn Psychother, 41, 383 - 397
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Cognitive change predicts symptom reduction with cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Kleim B. et al, (2013), J Consult Clin Psychol, 81, 383 - 393
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Attentional threat avoidance and familial risk are independently associated with childhood anxiety disorders.
Brown HM. et al, (2013), J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 54, 678 - 685
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Attentional threat avoidance and familial risk are independently associated with childhood anxiety disorders
Brown HM. et al, (2013), Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 54, 678 - 685
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Recognition, assessment and treatment of social anxiety disorder: summary of NICE guidance.
Pilling S. et al, (2013), BMJ, 346
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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: Principles, Procedures and Evidence Base
Öst LG. and Clark DM., (2013), 89 - 107
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Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.
Smith P. et al, (2013), Curr Opin Psychiatry, 26, 66 - 72
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A community study of the psychological effects of the Omagh car bomb on adults.
Duffy M. et al, (2013), PLoS One, 8
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Yule W. et al, (2012), 451 - 470
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Treatment specific competence predicts outcome in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder.
Ginzburg DM. et al, (2012), Behav Res Ther, 50, 747 - 752
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Mental health loses out in the National Health Service.
Clark D. et al, (2012), Lancet, 379, 2315 - 2316
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Assessing therapeutic competence in cognitive therapy for social phobia: psychometric properties of the cognitive therapy competence scale for social phobia (CTCS-SP).
von Consbruch K. et al, (2012), Behav Cogn Psychother, 40, 149 - 161
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Socially anxious and confident men interact with a forward virtual woman: an experimental study.
Pan X. et al, (2012), PLoS One, 7
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Intensive group cognitive therapy and individual cognitive therapy for social phobia: sustained improvement at 5-year follow-up.
Mörtberg E. et al, (2011), J Anxiety Disord, 25, 994 - 1000
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Imagery Rescripting of Early Traumatic Memories in Social Phobia.
Wild J. and Clark DM., (2011), Cogn Behav Pract, 18, 433 - 443
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Implementing NICE guidelines for the psychological treatment of depression and anxiety disorders: the IAPT experience.
Clark DM., (2011), Int Rev Psychiatry, 23, 318 - 327
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Cognitive therapy vs interpersonal psychotherapy in social anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
Stangier U. et al, (2011), Arch Gen Psychiatry, 68, 692 - 700
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Learning to change a way of being: an interpretative phenomenological perspective on cognitive therapy for social phobia.
McManus F. et al, (2010), J Anxiety Disord, 24, 581 - 589
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Intensive cognitive therapy for PTSD: a feasibility study.
Ehlers A. et al, (2010), Behav Cogn Psychother, 38, 383 - 398
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Do all psychological treatments really work the same in posttraumatic stress disorder?
Ehlers A. et al, (2010), Clin Psychol Rev, 30, 269 - 276
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Mind the gap: Improving the dissemination of CBT.
Shafran R. et al, (2009), Behav Res Ther, 47, 902 - 909
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Improving access to psychological therapy: Initial evaluation of two UK demonstration sites.
Clark DM. et al, (2009), Behav Res Ther, 47, 910 - 920
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A demonstration of the efficacy of two of the components of cognitive therapy for social phobia.
McManus F. et al, (2009), J Anxiety Disord, 23, 496 - 503
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Change processes in residential cognitive and interpersonal psychotherapy for social phobia: a process-outcome study.
Hoffart A. et al, (2009), Behav Ther, 40, 10 - 22
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The role of common factors in residential cognitive and interpersonal therapy for social phobia: a process-outcome study.
Hoffart A. et al, (2009), Psychother Res, 19, 54 - 67
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Dissemination of Cognitive Therapy for Panic Disorder in Primary Care.
Grey N. et al, (2008), Behav Cogn Psychother, 36, 509 - 520
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Residential cognitive therapy versus residential interpersonal therapy for social phobia: a randomized clinical trial.
Borge FM. et al, (2008), J Anxiety Disord, 22, 991 - 1010
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Can Clark and Wells' (1995) cognitive model of social phobia be applied to young people?
Hodson KJ. et al, (2008), Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 449 - 461
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Why social anxiety persists: an experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor.
McManus F. et al, (2008), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 39, 147 - 161
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Perception of arousal in social anxiety: effects of false feedback during a social interaction.
Wild J. et al, (2008), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 39, 102 - 116
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Psychological treatment outcomes in routine NHS services: a commentary on Stiles et al. (2007).
Clark DM. et al, (2008), Psychol Med, 38, 629 - 634
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Rescripting early memories linked to negative images in social phobia: a pilot study.
Wild J. et al, (2008), Behav Ther, 39, 47 - 56
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Post-traumatic stress disorder: the development of effective psychological treatments.
Ehlers A. and Clark DM., (2008), Nord J Psychiatry, 62 Suppl 47, 11 - 18
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In the face of uncertainty: a twin study of ambiguous information, anxiety and depression in children.
Eley TC. et al, (2008), J Abnorm Child Psychol, 36, 55 - 65
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When the present visits the past: updating traumatic memories in social phobia.
Wild J. et al, (2007), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 38, 386 - 401
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Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder: what combination of symptoms predicts best?
Ehring T. et al, (2007), J Nerv Ment Dis, 195, 1004 - 1012
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Imagery special issue: underestimation of auditory performance in social phobia and the use of audio feedback.
Hirsch CR. and Clark DM., (2007), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 38, 447 - 458
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Feeling anxious: a twin study of panic/somatic ratings, anxiety sensitivity and heartbeat perception in children.
Eley TC. et al, (2007), J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 48, 1184 - 1191
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Cost-benefit analysis of psychological therapy
Layard, R None. et al, (2007), National Institute Economic Review, 1 - 9
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An open trial of cognitive therapy for chronic insomnia.
Harvey AG. et al, (2007), Behav Res Ther, 45, 2491 - 2501
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Inducing an interpretation bias changes self-imagery: a preliminary investigation.
Hirsch CR. et al, (2007), Behav Res Ther, 45, 2173 - 2181
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD in children and adolescents: a preliminary randomized controlled trial.
Smith P. et al, (2007), J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 46, 1051 - 1061
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Facilitating a benign interpretation bias in a high socially anxious population.
Murphy R. et al, (2007), Behav Res Ther, 45, 1517 - 1529
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Belief disconfirmation versus habituation approaches to situational exposure in panic disorder with agoraphobia: a pilot study.
Salkovskis PM. et al, (2007), Behav Res Ther, 45, 877 - 885
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Intrusive memories and ruminations related to violent crime among young offenders: phenomenological characteristics.
Evans C. et al, (2007), J Trauma Stress, 20, 183 - 196
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Intrusive memories and rumination in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: a phenomenological comparison.
Speckens AE. et al, (2007), Memory, 15, 249 - 257
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Intrusive memories in perpetrators of violent crime: emotions and cognitions.
Evans C. et al, (2007), J Consult Clin Psychol, 75, 134 - 144
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Intensive group cognitive treatment and individual cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in social phobia: a randomized controlled trial.
Mörtberg E. et al, (2007), Acta Psychiatr Scand, 115, 142 - 154
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Rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Michael T. et al, (2007), Depress Anxiety, 24, 307 - 317
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Reduced heart rate responding to trauma reliving in trauma survivors with PTSD: correlates and consequences.
Halligan SL. et al, (2006), J Trauma Stress, 19, 721 - 734
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An experimental study on fear of public speaking using a virtual environment.
Slater M. et al, (2006), Cyberpsychol Behav, 9, 627 - 633
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Imagery and interpretations in social phobia: support for the combined cognitive biases hypothesis.
Hirsch CR. et al, (2006), Behav Ther, 37, 223 - 236
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The causal role of negative imagery in social anxiety: a test in confident public speakers.
Hirsch CR. et al, (2006), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 37, 159 - 170
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Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial.
Clark DM. et al, (2006), J Consult Clin Psychol, 74, 568 - 578
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Changes in intrusive memories associated with imaginal reliving in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Speckens AE. et al, (2006), J Anxiety Disord, 20, 328 - 341
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Learning history in social phobia
Harvey AG. et al, (2005), Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 257 - 271
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Unwanted memories of assault: what intrusion characteristics are associated with PTSD?
Michael T. et al, (2005), Behav Res Ther, 43, 613 - 628
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Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: development and evaluation.
Ehlers A. et al, (2005), Behav Res Ther, 43, 413 - 431
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Interview anxiety: Taking the perspective of a confident other changes inferential processing
Hirsch CR. et al, (2005), Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 1 - 12
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Information-processing bias in social phobia.
Hirsch CR. and Clark DM., (2004), Clin Psychol Rev, 24, 799 - 825
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Developing new treatments: on the interplay between theories, experimental science and clinical innovation.
Clark DM., (2004), Behav Res Ther, 42, 1089 - 1104
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Negative self-imagery in social anxiety contaminates social interactions.
Hirsch CR. et al, (2004), Memory, 12, 496 - 506
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Characteristics and content of intrusive memories in PTSD and their changes with treatment.
Hackmann A. et al, (2004), J Trauma Stress, 17, 231 - 240
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Cognitive therapy prevented onset of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder after a motor vehicle accident
Ehlers A. et al, (2004), Evidence-Based Medicine, 9
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Heart-beat perception, panic/somatic symptoms and anxiety sensitivity in children.
Eley TC. et al, (2004), Behav Res Ther, 42, 439 - 448
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Negative self-imagery blocks inferences.
Hirsch CR. et al, (2003), Behav Res Ther, 41, 1383 - 1396
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Cognitive therapy versus fluoxetine in generalized social phobia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Clark DM. et al, (2003), J Consult Clin Psychol, 71, 1058 - 1067
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A randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy, a self-help booklet, and repeated assessments as early interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Ehlers A. et al, (2003), Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60, 1024 - 1032
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Selective attention in social phobia and the moderating effect of a concurrent depressive disorder.
Musa C. et al, (2003), Behav Res Ther, 41, 1043 - 1054
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Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment.
Stangier U. et al, (2003), Behav Res Ther, 41, 991 - 1007
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Anticipatory processing in social anxiety: two pilot studies.
Hinrichsen H. and Clark DM., (2003), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 34, 205 - 218
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Self-images play a causal role in social phobia.
Hirsch CR. et al, (2003), Behav Res Ther, 41, 909 - 921
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Posttraumatic stress disorder following assault: the role of cognitive processing, trauma memory, and appraisals.
Halligan SL. et al, (2003), J Consult Clin Psychol, 71, 419 - 431
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Internal versus external attention in social anxiety: an investigation using a novel paradigm.
Mansell W. et al, (2003), Behav Res Ther, 41, 555 - 572
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Early psychological interventions for adult survivors of trauma: a review.
Ehlers A. and Clark D., (2003), Biol Psychiatry, 53, 817 - 826
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The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis.
Salkovskis PM. et al, (2002), Psychol Med, 32, 843 - 853
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Patients with generalized social phobia direct their attention away from faces.
Chen YP. et al, (2002), Behav Res Ther, 40, 677 - 687
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Cognitive processing, memory, and the development of PTSD symptoms: two experimental analogue studies.
Halligan SL. et al, (2002), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 33, 73 - 89
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Community based cognitive therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following the Omagh bomb.
Gillespie K. et al, (2002), Behav Res Ther, 40, 345 - 357
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Attention to positive and negative social-evaluative words: Investigating the effects of social anxiety, trait anxiety and social threat
Mansell W. et al, (2002), Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 15, 19 - 29
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Information processing in social phobia.
Clark DM. and McManus F., (2002), Biol Psychiatry, 51, 92 - 100
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Social phobia: Comments on the viability and validity of an analogue research strategy and british norms for the fear of negative evaluation questionnaire
Stopa L. and Clark DM., (2001), Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29, 423 - 430
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A prospective investigation of the role of cognitive factors in persistent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical or sexual assault.
Dunmore E. et al, (2001), Behav Res Ther, 39, 1063 - 1084
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Social anxiety and self-impression: cognitive preparation enhances the beneficial effects of video feedback following a stressful social task.
Harve AG. et al, (2000), Behav Res Ther, 38, 1183 - 1192
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Specificity of cognitive biases in social phobia and their role in recovery
McManus F. et al, (2000), Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28, 201 - 209
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Recurrent images and early memories in social phobia.
Hackmann A. et al, (2000), Behav Res Ther, 38, 601 - 610
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A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Ehlers A. and Clark DM., (2000), Behav Res Ther, 38, 319 - 345
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Social phobia and interpretation of social events.
Stopa L. and Clark DM., (2000), Behav Res Ther, 38, 273 - 283
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Brief cognitive therapy for panic disorder: a randomized controlled trial.
Clark DM. et al, (1999), J Consult Clin Psychol, 67, 583 - 589
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Anxiety disorders: why they persist and how to treat them.
Clark DM., (1999), Behav Res Ther, 37 Suppl 1, S5 - 27
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An experimental investigation of the role of safety-seeking behaviours in the maintenance of panic disorder with agoraphobia.
Salkovskis PM. et al, (1999), Behav Res Ther, 37, 559 - 574
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How do I appear to others? Social anxiety and processing of the observable self.
Mansell W. and Clark DM., (1999), Behav Res Ther, 37, 419 - 434
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Psychological treatments for hypochondriasis.
Marks I., (1999), Br J Psychiatry, 174, 367 - 368
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Predictors of analogue post-traumatic intrusive cognitions
Davies MI. and Clark DM., (1998), Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 303 - 314
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Two psychological treatments for hypochondriasis. A randomised controlled trial.
Clark DM. et al, (1998), Br J Psychiatry, 173, 218 - 225
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Predicting response to exposure treatment in PTSD: the role of mental defeat and alienation.
Ehlers A. et al, (1998), J Trauma Stress, 11, 457 - 471
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How do I look with my minds eye: perspective taking in social phobic imagery.
Wells A. et al, (1998), Behav Res Ther, 36, 631 - 634
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Seeing yourself through others' eyes: A study of spontaneously occurring images in social phobia
Hackmann A. et al, (1998), Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 3 - 12
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Misinterpretation of body sensations in panic disorder.
Clark DM. et al, (1997), J Consult Clin Psychol, 65, 203 - 213
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A controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural treatment of hypochondriasis.
Warwick HM. et al, (1996), Br J Psychiatry, 169, 189 - 195
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Cognition-behaviour links in the persistence of panic.
Salkovskis PM. et al, (1996), Behav Res Ther, 34, 453 - 458
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Cognitive therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders
Clark DM., (1995), Clinical Neuropharmacology, 18
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Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others.
Winton EC. et al, (1995), Behav Res Ther, 33, 193 - 196
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Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs
Wells A. et al, (1995), Behavior Therapy, 26, 153 - 161
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Non-cardiac chest pain and benign palpitations in the cardiac clinic.
Mayou R. et al, (1994), Br Heart J, 72, 548 - 553
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Cognitive therapy in panic disorder.
Marks I. et al, (1994), Br J Psychiatry, 165, 556 - 559
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A comparison of cognitive therapy, applied relaxation and imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder.
Clark DM. et al, (1994), Br J Psychiatry, 164, 759 - 769
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Cognitive processes in social phobia.
Stopa L. and Clark DM., (1993), Behav Res Ther, 31, 255 - 267
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A further experimental investigation of thought suppression.
Clark DM. et al, (1993), Behav Res Ther, 31, 207 - 210
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Panic disorder and hypochondriasis
Salkovskis PM. and Clark DM., (1993), Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 15, 23 - 48
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Cognitive mediation of panic attacks induced by biological challenge tests
Clark DM., (1993), Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 15, 75 - 84
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An overview of the cognitive theory and treatment of panic disorder
Clark DM. and Ehlers A., (1993), Applied and Preventive Psychology, 2, 131 - 139
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Cognitive therapy for panic attacks
Salkovskis PM. and Clark DM., (1991), Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 5, 215 - 226
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Treatment of panic attacks using cognitive therapy without exposure or breathing retraining.
Salkovskis PM. et al, (1991), Behav Res Ther, 29, 161 - 166
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Psychophysiological responses in panic and stress
Anastasiades P. et al, (1990), Journal of Psychophysiology, 4, 331 - 338
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Affective responses to hyperventilation: a test of the cognitive model of panic.
Salkovskis PM. and Clark DM., (1990), Behav Res Ther, 28, 51 - 61
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Respiratory control in the treatment of panic attacks: replication and extension with concurrent measurement of behaviour and pCO2.
Salkovskis PM. et al, (1986), Br J Psychiatry, 148, 526 - 532
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Selective memory, depression, and response bias: An unbiased response
Martin M. and Clark DM., (1986), Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 275 - 278
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On the response bias explanation of selective memory effects in depression
Martin M. and Clark DM., (1986), Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 267 - 269
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HYPERVENTILATION AS A CAUSE OF PANIC DISORDER
GELDER M. et al, (1986), INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 31, 94 - 94
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A cognitive approach to panic.
Clark DM., (1986), Behav Res Ther, 24, 461 - 470
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Respiratory control as a treatment for panic attacks.
Clark DM. et al, (1985), J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 16, 23 - 30
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The Velten Mood Induction Procedure and cognitive models of depression: a reply to Riskind and Rholes (1985).
Clark DM., (1985), Behav Res Ther, 23, 667 - 669
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ROLE OF HYPER-VENTILATION IN PANIC ATTACKS
CLARK D. et al, (1983), BULLETIN OF THE BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 36, A50 - A50
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Neuroticism and the recall of positive and negative personality information.
Martin M. et al, (1983), Behav Res Ther, 21, 495 - 503
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Diurnal variation in clinical depression and accessibility of memories of positive and negative experiences.
Clark DM. and Teasdale JD., (1982), J Abnorm Psychol, 91, 87 - 95
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Cognitive change predicts symptom improvement in cognitive therapy for PTSD
Kleim B. et al, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Recent Publications
5-
Treatments for social anxiety disorder: considerations regarding psychodynamic therapy findings.
Hofmann SG. et al, (2015), Am J Psychiatry, 172
-
Heightened risk of false positives in a network meta-analysis of social anxiety--Author's reply.
Mayo-Wilson E. et al, (2015), Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 293 - 294
-
The effects of the Omagh bomb on adolescent mental health: a school-based study.
Duffy M. et al, (2015), BMC Psychiatry, 15
-
Shifting the focus of one's attention mediates improvement in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder.
Mörtberg E. et al, (2015), Behav Cogn Psychother, 43, 63 - 73
-
Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Mayo-Wilson E. et al, (2014), Lancet Psychiatry, 1, 368 - 376