Building on a Solid Baseline: Anticipatory Biases in Attention.
Nobre AC., Serences JT.
A brain-imaging paper by Kastner and colleagues in 1999 was the first to demonstrate that merely focusing attention at a spatial location changed the baseline activity level in various regions of human visual cortex even before any stimuli appeared. The study provided a touchstone for investigating cognitive-sensory interactions and understanding the proactive endogenous signals that shape perception.