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Cognitive models of insomnia consistently suggest that negative expectations regarding the consequences of poor sleep contribute to the maintenance of insomnia. To date, however, no research has sought to determine whether insomnia is indeed characterised by such a negative sleep-related expectancy bias, using objective cognitive assessment tasks which are more immune to response biases than questionnaire assessments. Therefore, the current study employed a reaction-time task assessing biased expectations among a group with clinically significant insomnia symptoms (n = 30) and a low insomnia symptoms group (n = 40). The task involved the presentation of scenarios describing the consequences of poor sleep, and non-sleep related activities, which could be resolved in a benign or a negative manner. The results demonstrated that the high insomnia symptoms group were disproportionately fast to resolve sleep-related scenarios in line with negative outcomes, as compared to benign outcomes, relative to the low insomnia symptoms group. The two groups did not differ in their pattern of resolving non-sleep related scenarios. This pattern of findings is entirely consistent with a sleep-specific expectancy bias operating in individuals with clinically significant insomnia symptoms, and highlights the potential of cognitive-experimental assessment tasks to objectively index patterns of biased cognition in insomnia.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.010

Type

Journal article

Journal

Behav Res Ther

Publication Date

08/2017

Volume

95

Pages

71 - 78

Keywords

Cognitive bias, Expectancy bias, Insomnia, Sleep, Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Young Adult