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Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), including transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation (tDCS, tACS) are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques increasingly used for modulation of central nervous system excitability in humans. Here we address methodological issues required for tES application. This review covers technical aspects of tES, as well as applications like exploration of brain physiology, modelling approaches, tES in cognitive neurosciences, and interventional approaches. It aims to help the reader to appropriately design and conduct studies involving these brain stimulation techniques, understand limitations and avoid shortcomings, which might hamper the scientific rigor and potential applications in the clinical domain.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.012

Type

Journal article

Journal

Clin Neurophysiol

Publication Date

02/2016

Volume

127

Pages

1031 - 1048

Keywords

Design, Methodology review, Safety, Technical guide, Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), Brain, Cognition, Humans, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation