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BACKGROUND: Children who meet language test criteria for specific language impairment (SLI) are not necessarily the same as those who are referred to a speech and language therapist. AIMS: To consider how far this discrepancy reflects insensitivity of traditional language tests to clinically important features of language impairment. METHODS & PROCEDURES: A total of 245 twin children, 52 of whom had been referred to a speech and language therapist for assessment or intervention, were studied. They were given a battery of language tests and their parents completed the Children's Communication Checklist - 2 (CCC-2). RESULTS: Language tests that stressed verbal short-term memory were best at distinguishing clinically referred from other cases; narrative and vocabulary tasks were less effective. A discriminant function analysis identified a combination of language test and parental report measures as giving the best discrimination between referred and non-referred cases. Nevertheless, of 82 children classified as language impaired by the discriminant function, 44 had never been referred to a speech and language therapist. These did not appear to be false-positives; they scored at least as poorly as referred cases on literacy tests. They had significantly lower socio-economic backgrounds than referred cases. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS: Language test scores provide important information about which children are at risk of academic failure, though this varies from test to test. Reliance on language tests alone, however, is insufficient; a parental report provides important complementary information in the diagnostic process. Children of low socio-economic status with language problems are particularly likely to have no contact with speech and language therapist services.

Original publication

DOI

10.1080/13682820802259662

Type

Journal article

Journal

Int J Lang Commun Disord

Publication Date

09/2009

Volume

44

Pages

600 - 615

Keywords

Child, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Language Development Disorders, Language Tests, Language Therapy, Male, Parents, Psychometrics, Referral and Consultation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Social Class, Speech Therapy