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Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one--present in the same room--was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AI and ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AI and rostral ACC, activated in common for "self" and "other" conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix." We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.

Original publication

DOI

10.1126/science.1093535

Type

Journal article

Journal

Science

Publication Date

20/02/2004

Volume

303

Pages

1157 - 1162

Keywords

Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Cues, Electroshock, Empathy, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus, Motor Cortex, Pain, Prefrontal Cortex, Somatosensory Cortex