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In a recent study we identified corn cystain9 (CC9) as a novel compatibility factor for the interaction of the biotrophic smut fungus Ustilago maydis with its host plant maize. CC9 is transcriptionally induced during the compatible interaction with U. maydis and localizes in the maize apoplast where it inhibits apoplastic papain-like cysteine proteases. The proteases are activated during incompatible interaction and salicylic acid (SA) treatment and, in turn, are sufficient to induce SA signaling including PR-gene expression. Therefore the inhibition of apoplastic papain-like cysteine proteases by CC9 is essential to suppress host immunity during U. maydis infection. Here were present new experimental data on the cysteine protease-cystatin interaction and provide an in silco analysis of plant cystatins and the identified apoplastic cysteine proteases.

Original publication

DOI

10.4161/psb.21902

Type

Journal article

Journal

Plant Signal Behav

Publication Date

11/2012

Volume

7

Pages

1397 - 1401

Keywords

cystatin, cysteine proteases, maize, plant defense, Cystatins, Cysteine Proteases, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Proteins, Ustilago, Zea mays