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Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is a treatable condition resulting from impaired glucose transport into the brain. The classical presentation is with infantile-onset epilepsy and severe developmental delay. Non-classical phenotypes with movement disorders and early-onset absence epilepsy are increasingly recognized and the clinical spectrum is expanding. The hallmark is hypoglycorrhachia (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] glucose<2.2 mmol/l) in the presence of normoglycaemia with a CSF/blood glucose ratio of less than 0.4. GLUT1DS is due to a mutation in the solute carrier family 2, member 1 gene (SLC2A1). We present five individuals (four males, one female), all of whom had a mild phenotype, highlighting the importance of considering this diagnosis in unexplained neurological disorders associated with mild learning difficulties, subtle motor delay, early-onset absence epilepsy, fluctuating gait disorders, and/or dystonia. The mean age at diagnosis was 8 years 8 months. This paper also shows phenotypical parallels between GLUT1DS and paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia.

Original publication

DOI

10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03949.x

Type

Journal article

Journal

Dev Med Child Neurol

Publication Date

07/2011

Volume

53

Pages

664 - 668

Keywords

Adolescent, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Dystonia, Epilepsy, Absence, Female, Gait, Glucose, Glucose Transporter Type 1, Humans, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Motor Activity, Mutation, Phenotype, Severity of Illness Index